Bruxism means clenching, grinding or rubbing the teeth while awake or asleep. It may be mild, but frequent or intense bruxism can wear teeth, damage restorations and cause jaw pain or headaches.
Signs to look for
- Flattened, chipped, cracked or sensitive teeth
- Tight or tired jaw muscles on waking
- Facial or jaw pain and headaches
- Grinding noises noticed by a sleeping partner
- Repeated damage to fillings, crowns or guards
Several factors may contribute
Bruxism does not have one single cause. Stress and anxiety can encourage daytime clenching. Sleep bruxism is also associated with genetic factors, smoking, alcohol, caffeine and certain medicines.
A sleep disorder such as apnoea may sometimes be linked. Speak to a doctor if grinding occurs with loud snoring, observed breathing pauses or marked daytime sleepiness.
The dental assessment
The dentist checks for wear, cracks, sensitivity and tenderness in the muscles and joints, while considering other causes. A sleep study is not routine but may be advised if an associated sleep disorder is suspected.
Treatment matched to risk
A guard protects tooth surfaces but does not address every cause. Care may involve a dentist, doctor, physiotherapist or sleep specialist depending on the symptoms.
- Notice daytime clenching and keep the teeth slightly apart at rest
- Reduce caffeine, alcohol and tobacco, especially in the evening
- Support regular sleep and use stress-management methods
- Wear a custom guard when indicated to protect the teeth
- Repair damaged teeth or restorations when needed